Identification of sources of male sterility in the Colombian Coffee Collection for the genetic improvement of Coffea arabica L.

In coffee (Coffea arabica L.), male sterility is a prerequisite for the exploitation of heterosis since it provides an efficient and reliable method for the production of hybrid seeds. Given its relevance, the objective of this study was to identify male-sterile genotypes within the Colombian Coffee Collection that can be used in genetic improvement. For this purpose, Ethiopian germplasm and progenies derived from hybrids between C. arabica x C. canephora were explored between 2017 and 2021. In the first stage, genotypes without visual presence of pollen were preselected in the field, followed by selection through staining and verification of male sterility and female fertility through directed crosses (directed, reciprocal and selfing). In this stage, 9,753 trees were explored, preselecting 2.4% due to visual absence of pollen. The staining of structures allowed us to confirm the lack or sporadic production of pollen in 23 individuals of Ethiopian origin. The results of the directed crosses led to the identification of 11 male-sterile and 12 partially male-sterile genotypes belonging to 15 accessions. In all cases, the individuals were characterized by the presence of anthers but with an absence or low content of pollen, which is why the male sterility is possibly of the sporogenic type. The female receptivity values were between 2.9% and 72.6%, being higher than 30% in five genotypes. These genotypes are a valuable tool for the genetic improvement of C. arabica with the potential to facilitate the use of heterosis and to allow a deeper understanding the development of male gametophytes in the species.

Psychological Status of the Participants in Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's Disease Colombia.

BACKGROUND: The SARS-CoV2 global pandemic impacted participants in the Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative (API) Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's Disease (ADAD) clinical trial, who faced three stressors: 1) fear of developing dementia; 2) concerns about missing treatment; and 3) risk of SARS-CoV2 infection. OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency of psychological disorders among the participants of the API ADAD Colombia clinical study, treated by a holistic mental health team during the COVID-19 pandemic. The extent of use of mental health team services was explored considering different risk factors, and users and non-users of these services were compared. METHODS: Participants had free and optional access to psychology and psychiatry services, outside of the study protocol. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the frequency of the mental health difficulties. A multivariable logistic regression model has been used to assess associations with using this program. RESULTS: 66 participants were treated by the Mental Health Team from March 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020. Before and after the start of the pandemic, the most common psychological problems were anxiety (36.4% before, 63.6% after) and depression (34.8% before, 37.9% after). 70% of users assisted by psychology and 81.6% of those assisted by psychiatry felt that the services were useful for them. Female sex, depression, and anxiety before the pandemic were positively associated with being assisted by either psychology or psychiatry, while the association with hyperlipidemia was negative. CONCLUSIONS: A holistic mental health program, carried out in the context of a study, could mitigate psychopathology during pandemics such as COVID-19.

Feeding difficulties are not associated with higher rates of iron deficiency anemia in Brazilian children and adolescents: cross-sectional study

Background: Iron deficiency anemia and feeding difficulties (FD) are common issues in childhood, reinforcing the concern about the risk of micronutrient deficiencies. FD do not necessarily reflect nutritional deficiencies, since they may or may not relate to specific nutrient sources. The objective of the study is to describe the prevalence of iron depletion and iron deficiency anemia in children with FD and to seek associations with diagnosis and its markers. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 68 patients (convenience sample). The following data were assessed through medical records: age (months), gender, exclusive breastfeeding duration (months), birth weight (kg), iron supplementation, hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, repertory of foods consumed (food inventory and 3-day food record analysis), and diagnosis of FD. Data were classified according to references for age and were analyzed using correlation tests, Student's t test, ANOVA and chi-square test, or its nonparametric equivalents. A significance level of 5% was considered. Results: Iron depletion and anemia were identified in 10.1 and 6% of children, respectively. Picky eating was diagnosed in 35.3%. Food repertory consisted on average of 21 foods, with null correlation to Hb and ferritin. The average fortified milk intake was 517 ml/day, with null correlation to Hb. There was no effect of diagnosis of FD on Hb (p = 0.18) or ferritin (p = 0.52). The same was verified in the children without supplementation, to both Hb (p = 0. 54) and ferritin (p = 0.08). Conclusions: No evidence of association between diagnosis of FD or repertory of foods to anemia or iron depletion was found, which could be a reassuring factor for caregivers. Reproduction in large scale as well as inclusion of dietary intake variables is suggested for further research.

Valoración de la efectividad del soporte nutricional por sonda nasogástrica en sala general / Assessment of the efficacy of nasogastric nutritional support in a general ward / Valorização da efetividade do suportenutricional por sonda nasogástricaem enfermaría

La interrupción de la alimentación enteral conduce a un aporte calórico inadecuado, circunstancia que se agrava debido al estado catabólico que presentan los pacientes internados, contribuyendo ambas situaciones al deterioro de su estado nutricional. La malnutrición calóricoproteica se asocia con un mayor número de complicaciones, con un incremento de la estadía hospitalaria y, por lo tanto, con mayores costos. Objetivos. Evaluar la calidad del soporte nutricional por sonda y cuáles son los factores que influyeron en las diferencias entre la cantidad de nutrientes administrados, pautados y teóricamente requeridos. Material y métodos. Pacientes adultos a quienes se les prescribía nutrición enteral por sonda nasogastro/enteral. Se calcularon diariamente las calorías pautadas y las administradas, mientras que los requerimientos calóricos teóricos se calcularon según la ecuación de Harris-Benedict a la que se le aplicaba un factor de estrés y actividad. Asimismo, se evaluaron las causas por las que se interrumpió la nutrición enteral. Resultados. De un total de 40 pacientes consecutivos que recibieron soporte nutricional enteral un 95% presentó administración inadecuada. Hubo una inadecuación de la prescripción médica de la alimentación enteral en un 70% relacionado con el requerimiento calórico total. El bajo ratio de calorías administradas-pautadas afectaban a la Nutrición Enteral, debido a las causas más importantes de interrupción (que acumulan el 80% de las interrupciones):a) relacionadas al personal de enfermería (32.5%), b) incumplimiento en el horario de entrega del alimento (20%), c) problemas mecánicos (12.5%), d) procedimientos diagnósticos (10%) y e) disfunción gastrointestinal(10%). Conclusiones. En nuestra unidad se observó una diferencia importante entre los requerimientos calóricos teóricos y la cantidad efectivamente administrada. El conocimiento de esta situación permitirá ...

Background. The interruption of enteral feeding leads to inappropriate caloric intake, circumstance aggravated by the catabolic state of inpatients and both factors contributing to the deterioration of their nutritional status.Protein-energy malnutrition is associated with more complications, increased hospital stay, and therefore higher costs.Objective. To evaluate the quality of enteral nutritional support and the factors influencing the differences between the amounts of nutrients managed, scheduled and theoretically required.Materials y methods. Adult patients prescribed enteral nutrition by nasogastric/enteral tube. The calories administered and estimated were daily calculated, while theoretical caloric requirements were calculated according to the Harris-Benedict equation with an applied factor of stress and activity. The reasons leading to enteral nutrition cessationwere also evaluated.Results. Of the 40 consecutive patients who received enteral nutritional support, 95% reported inadequate administration. There was an inadequate medical prescription of enteral feeding by 70%, related to total caloric requirements. The low ratio of calories prescribed-administered affected enteral nutrition due to the following main causes of interruption (which accumulate 80% of interruptions): nurses/' work (32.5%), failure in the delivery of the scheduled food (20%), mechanical problems (12.5%), diagnostic procedures (10%) and gastrointestinal dysfunction (10%). Conclusions. In our unit we could observe an important difference between the theoretical energy requirements and the amounts effectively administered. Acknowledging...

A interrupção da alimentação enteral conduza uma contribuição calórica inadequada, circunstância que se agrava devido o estado catabólico que apresentamos pacientes internados, contribuindo ambas as situaçõespara a deterioração do seu estado nutricional. A má nutriçãocalórica-proteica é associada a um maior número decomplicações, com um incremento da estadia hospitalariae, portanto, com maiores custos.Objetivos. Avaliar a qualidade do suporte nutricional porsonda e quais são os fatores que influenciaram nas diferençasentre a quantidade de nutrientes administrados, determinadose teoricamente requeridos.Material e métodos. Pacientes adultos que recebiam prescriçãonutricional enteral por sonda nasogastroenteral. Foramcalculadas diariamente as calorias determinadas e asadministradas enquanto que os requerimentos calóricoseram calculados segundo a equação de Harris-Benedictna qual se aplicava um fator de estresse e atividade. Alémdisso, foram avaliadas as causas pelas quais a nutriçãoenteral foi interrompida.Resultados. De um total de 40 pacientes ...